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It can not be easier to create a 3D model of a text than with TextToSTL. The STL file can be used in your 3D printer or 3D modeling software. Create: Enter your text, font and desired text size. Click on create STL and you will have a result in a few seconds. Share: You can choose to share the 3D model as a STL file to your gmail, google drive or the service you prefer.

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ASCII art is slowly becoming the trend because it is unique and different from the common graphics art. The main difference in ASCII art, the image is sampled down to its grayscale with a precision of fewer than eight bits and a specific ASCII character is assigned for each value of grayscale.It was first used in place of graphic marks as early printers didn't have the ability of graphics. Cults is for you! Browse our different categories and download the best 3D printer models for free, open-source or paid mode, in.STL,.OBJ or.SCAD format, they are all 3D printable guaranteed. We are connecting 3D print files makers with people who want to use their 3D printer. Our 3D model repository acts as a real source of inspiration. Convert images/pictures to ASCII art online!

STL is a file format native to the stereolithographyCAD software created by 3D Systems.^[1][2][3] STL has several backronyms such as 'Standard Triangle Language' and 'Standard Tessellation Language'.^[4] This file format is supported by many other software packages; it is widely used for rapid prototyping, 3D printing and computer-aided manufacturing.^[5] STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three-dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. The STL format specifies both ASCII and binary representations. Binary files are more common, since they are more compact.^[6]

An STL file describes a raw, unstructured triangulated surface by the unitnormal and vertices (ordered by the right-hand rule) of the triangles using a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. In the original specification, all STL coordinates were required to be positive numbers, but this restriction is no longer enforced and negative coordinates are commonly encountered in STL files today. STL files contain no scale information, and the units are arbitrary.^[7]

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ASCII STL[edit]

An ASCII STL file begins with the line

where name is an optional string (though if name is omitted there must still be a space after solid). The file continues with any number of triangles, each represented as follows:

where each n or v is a floating-point number in sign-mantissa-'e'-sign-exponent format, e.g., '2.648000e-002'. The file concludes with

The structure of the format suggests that other possibilities exist (e.g., facets with more than one 'loop', or loops with more than three vertices). In practice, however, all facets are simple triangles.

White space (spaces, tabs, newlines) may be used anywhere in the file except within numbers or words. The spaces between 'facet' and 'normal' and between 'outer' and 'loop' are required.^[6]

Binary STL[edit]

Because ASCII STL files can become very large, a binary version of STL exists. A binary STL file has an 80-character header (which is generally ignored, but should never begin with 'solid' because that may lead some software to assume that this is an ASCII STL file). Following the header is a 4-byte little-endian unsigned integer indicating the number of triangular facets in the file. Following that is data describing each triangle in turn. The file simply ends after the last triangle.

Each triangle is described by twelve 32-bit floating-point numbers: three for the normal and then three for the X/Y/Z coordinate of each vertex – just as with the ASCII version of STL. After these follows a 2-byte ('short') unsigned integer that is the 'attribute byte count' – in the standard format, this should be zero because most software does not understand anything else.^[6]

Floating-point numbers are represented as IEEE floating-point numbers and are assumed to be little-endian, although this is not stated in documentation.

Color in binary STL[edit]

There are at least two non-standard variations on the binary STL format for adding color information:

• The VisCAM and SolidView software packages use the two 'attribute byte count' bytes at the end of every triangle to store a 15-bit RGB color:
  • bits 0 to 4 are the intensity level for blue (0 to 31),
  • bits 5 to 9 are the intensity level for green (0 to 31),
  • bits 10 to 14 are the intensity level for red (0 to 31),
  • bit 15 is 1 if the color is valid, or 0 if the color is not valid (as with normal STL files).
• The Materialise Magics software uses the 80-byte header at the top of the file to represent the overall color of the entire part. If color is used, then somewhere in the header should be the ASCII string 'COLOR=' followed by four bytes representing red, green, blue and alpha channel (transparency) in the range 0–255. This is the color of the entire object, unless overridden at each facet. Magics also recognizes a material description; a more detailed surface characteristic. Just after 'COLOR=RGBA' specification should be another ASCII string ',MATERIAL=' followed by three colors (3×4 bytes): first is a color of diffuse reflection, second is a color of specular highlight, and third is an ambient light. Material settings are preferred over color. The per-facet color is represented in the two 'attribute byte count' bytes as follows:
  • bits 0 to 4 are the intensity level for red (0 to 31),
  • bits 5 to 9 are the intensity level for green (0 to 31),
  • bits 10 to 14 are the intensity level for blue (0 to 31),
  • bit 15 is 0 if this facet has its own unique color, or 1 if the per-object color is to be used.

The red/green/blue ordering within those two bytes is reversed in these two approaches – so while these formats could easily have been compatible, the reversal of the order of the colors means that they are not – and worse still, a generic STL file reader cannot automatically distinguish between them. There is also no way to have facets be selectively transparent because there is no per-facet alpha value – although in the context of current rapid prototyping machinery, this is not important.

The facet normal[edit]

In both ASCII and binary versions of STL, the facet normal should be a unit vector pointing outwards from the solid object. In most software this may be set to (0,0,0), and the software will automatically calculate a normal based on the order of the triangle vertices using the 'right-hand rule'. Some STL loaders (e.g. the STL plugin for Art of Illusion) check that the normal in the file agrees with the normal they calculate using the right-hand rule and warn the user when it does not. Other software may ignore the facet normal entirely and use only the right-hand rule. Although it is rare to specify a normal that cannot be calculated using the right-hand rule, in order to be entirely portable, a file should both provide the facet normal and order the vertices appropriately.A notable exception is SolidWorks, which uses the normal for shading effects.

Use in 3D printing[edit]

3D printers build objects by solidifying one layer at a time. This requires a series of closed 2D contours that are filled in with solidified material as the layers are fused together. A natural file format for such a machine would be a series of closed polygons corresponding to different Z-values. However, since it is possible to vary the layer thicknesses for a faster though less precise build, it was easier to define the model to be built as a closed polyhedron that can be sliced at the necessary horizontal levels.

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The STL file format appears capable of defining a polyhedron with any polygonal facet, but in practice it is only ever used for triangles, which means that much of the syntax of the ASCII protocol is superfluous.

To properly form a 3D volume, the surface represented by any STL files must be closed and connected, where every edge is part of exactly two triangles, and not self-intersecting. Since the STL syntax does not enforce this property, it can be ignored for applications where the closedness does not matter. The closedness only matters insofar as the software that slices the triangles requires it to ensure that the resulting 2D polygons are closed. Sometimes such software can be written to clean up small discrepancies by moving vertices that are close together so that they coincide. The results are not predictable, but it is often sufficient.

Use in other fields[edit]

STL file format is simple and easy to output. Consequently, many computer-aided design systems can output the STL file format. Although the output is simple to produce, some connectivity information is discarded.

Many computer-aided manufacturing systems require triangulated models. STL format is not the most memory- and computationally efficient method for transferring this data, but STL is often used to import the triangulated geometry into the CAM system. The format is commonly available, so the CAM system will use it. In order to use the data, the CAM system may have to reconstruct the connectivity. As STL files do not save the physical dimension of a unit, a CAM system will ask for it. Typical units are mm and inch.

STL can also be used for interchanging data between CAD/CAM systems and computational environments such as Mathematica.

Representation of curved surfaces[edit]

It is not possible to use triangles to perfectly represent curved surfaces. To compensate, users often save enormous STL files to reduce the inaccuracy. Native formats of 3D design software files use mathematical surfaces to preserve detail losslessly in small files.

History[edit]

STL was invented by the Albert Consulting Group for 3D Systems in 1987.^[8] The format was developed for 3D Systems' first commercial 3D printers. Since its initial release, the format remained relatively unchanged for 22 years. In 2009, an update to the format, dubbed STL 2.0, was proposed.^[9][10]

See also[edit]

• 3D Manufacturing Format (3MF), a standard for 3D file manufacturing
• Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF), a standard with support for color, multiple materials, and constellations
• PLY (file format), an alternative file format
• Wavefront .obj file, a 3D geometry definition file format with .obj file extension
• X3D, a royalty-free ISO standard for 3D computer graphics

References[edit]

1. ^StereoLithography Interface Specification, 3D Systems, Inc., July 1988
2. ^StereoLithography Interface Specification, 3D Systems, Inc., October 1989
3. ^SLC File Specification, 3D Systems, Inc., 1994
4. ^Grimm, Todd (2004), User's Guide to Rapid Prototyping, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, p. 55, ISBN0-87263-697-6. Many names are used for the format: for example, 'standard triangle language', 'stereolithography language', and 'stereolithography tesselation language'. Page 55 states, 'Chuck Hull, the inventor of stereolithography and 3D Systems' founder, reports that the file extension is for stereolithography.'
5. ^Chua, C. K; Leong, K. F.; Lim, C. S. (2003), Rapid Prototyping: Principles and Applications (2nd ed.), World Scientific Publishing Co, ISBN981-238-117-1 Chapter 6, Rapid Prototyping Formats. Page 237, 'The STL (STeroLithography) file, as the de facto standard, has been used in many, if not all, rapid prototyping systems.' Section 6.2 STL File Problems. Section 6.4 STL File Repair.
6. ^ ^abcBurns, Marshall (1993). Automated Fabrication. Prentice Hall. ISBN978-0-13-119462-5.
7. ^fabbers.com Historical resource on 3D printing, The StL Format: Standard Data Format for Fabbers, reprinted from Marshall Burns, Automated Fabrication, http://www.ennex.com/~fabbers/StL.asp stating, 'The object represented must be located in the all-positive octant. In other words, all vertex coordinates must be positive-definite (nonnegative and nonzero) numbers. The StL file does not contain any scale information; the coordinates are in arbitrary units.'
8. ^'STL File Format for 3D Printing - Explained in Simple Terms'. All3DP. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
9. ^'STL 2.0 May Replace Old, Limited File Format'. RapidToday. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
10. ^Hiller, Jonathan D.; Lipson, Hod (2009). 'STL 2.0: A Proposal for a Universal Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing File Format'(PDF). Cornell University. Retrieved 5 May 2017.

External links[edit]

• The STL Format - Standard Data Format for Fabbers

• Discovering FreeCAD
  • Installing
  • The FreeCAD interface
  • Navigating in the 3D view
• Working with FreeCAD
  • Preparing models for 3D printing
  • Using spreadsheets
• Python scripting
  • A gentle introduction

When your model cannot be printed or milled directly by a machine, for example it is too big (a building) or it requires manual assembly after the pieces are ready, you will usually need to explain to another person how to do it. In technical fields (engineering, architecture, etc), this is usually done with drawings. The drawings are handed over to the person responsible for assembling the final product and will explain how to do it.

Typical examples are Ikea instructions, architectural drawings, and blueprints. These drawings usually contain not only the drawing itself, but also many annotations, such as text, dimensions, numbers, and symbols that will help other people to understand what needs to be done and how.

In FreeCAD, the workbench responsible for making such drawings is the TechDraw Workbench.

The TechDraw Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made template to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and a title. On these sheets, you can then place views of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views will appear on the sheet. You can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other symbols commonly used in technical drawings.

Drawing sheets, once complete, can be printed or exported as SVG, PDF or DXF files.

In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the FreeCAD library (Furniture → Chairs → IkeaLikeChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the installing chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.

• Load the IkeaLikeChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.

• Switch to the TechDraw Workbench
• Press the New Pick button.
• Select the A4_Portrait_ISO7200TD template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
• In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model. It will most likely be named something like 'Open CASCADE STEP translator.'
• Press the New View button.
• A View object will be created on our page. Select the view object in the tree view, and then give the view the following properties in the data tab of the combo view:
  • Under the Base category:
    • X: 70 mm
    • Y: 120 mm
    • Rotation: 0
    • Scale: 0.1
  • Under the Projection category (hit the drop down arrow to modify the x, y, and z components of these properties individually):
    • Direction: [0 0 1]
    • XDirection: [0 -1 0] (Change the y field first, then the x field)
• We now have a nice top view of our chair. Hit the Toggle button to turn the View frames, labels, and vertices off.

• Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
  • View001 (front view): X: 70, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (-1,0,0), XDirection: (0,-1,0)
  • View002 (side view): X: 150, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (0,-1,0), XDirection: (1,0,0)
• After that, we obtain the following page:

• Note that there may be easier ways to get the views that you want. You can simply rotate the 3D view of your model, and once you have the view you want, select the model in the tree view and hit New View. This will automatically insert a view with the desired rotation and direction properties. You can also use the Projection Group tool.

• We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can change their Line Width property (under the View tab in the Combo View) to 0.5.

We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model: one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the Dimension tool of the Draft Workbench, and then placing a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the New Draft tool. The other is to do things directly on the TechDraw sheet. We'll use the latter method.

• Hit the Toggle button to turn the vertices on.
• Use Ctrl + Left Mouse Click to select the two vertices you want to measure the distance between.
• Hit the Dimension Length button.

• Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Use the Vertical Dimension and Horizontal Dimension tools as necessary.
• Take a minute to look at the properties of the Dimension object in the Combo View.
• Please note that if you are dimensioning an axonometric view (e.g., isometric view) instead of a multiview view (e.g., front view) like we have done here, you will need to use the Dimension Link tool to get an accurate dimension.

• We will now place the two callouts shown in the image above, using the Balloon tool.

1. Looking at the Page in the 3D view window, select the View to which the Balloon will be attached, as shown in the image above.
2. Press the Balloon button.
3. The cursor is now displayed as a balloon icon. Click on the page to place the balloon origin at the desired position.
4. The balloon bubble may be dragged to the desired position.
5. Change the balloon properties by double clicking the balloon label or the balloon object in the tree view. This will open the Balloon Task dialog. Set the Value field to the desired text and change the Symbol drop-down menu selection to None
6. Press OK
7. Repeat the operation for the second callout.

• We will now fill in the sheet title block.
  • Make sure that the View frames, labels, and vertices are visible. If not, hit the Toggle button.
  • Edit the text in each section of the sheet title block by clicking on the small green square on the left side of the text.

Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like Inkscape or to DXF. Select the page in the tree view and then select menu File → Export. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. TechDraw pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.

Downloads

• The chair model: https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library/blob/master/Furniture/Chairs/IkeaLikeChair.step
• The file created during this exercise: https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.FCStd
• The SVG sheet produced from that file: https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.svg

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